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Today in History ~ July 26
1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
775 – The office that would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania takes office as Postmaster General.
1788 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.
1803 – The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world’s first public railway, opens in south London, United Kingdom.
1861 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.
1918 – Emmy Noether’s paper, which became known as Noether’s theorem was presented at Gцttingen, Germany, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.
1947 – Cold War: President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the United States National Security Council. 1948 -President Truman signs Executive Order 9981, desegregating the military of the United States.
1956 – Following the World Bank’s refusal to fund building the Aswan Dam, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.
1963 – Syncom 2, the world’s first geosynchronous satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster.
1971 – Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15 on the first Apollo “J-Mission”, and first use of a Lunar Roving Vehicle.
1989 – A grand jury indicts Cornell Universitystudent Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
2005 – Mumbai, India receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours, resulting in floods killing over 5,000 people.
2016 – Solar Impulse 2 becomes the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth.
Births
1502 – Christian Egenolff, German printer (d. 1555)
1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1640)
1856 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
1875 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (d. 1961)
1893 – George Grosz, German painter and illustrator (d. 1959)
1903 – Estes Kefauver, American lawyer and politician (d. 1963)
1928 – Elliott Erwitt, French-American photographer and director
1943 – Mick Jagger, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
Deaths
811 – Nikephoros I, Byzantine emperor
1380 – Kōmyō, emperor of Japan (b. 1322)
1863 – Sam Houston, American general and politician, 7th Governor of Texas (b. 1793)
1925 – Antonio Ascari, Italian race car driver (b. 1888)
1926 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War, son of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1843)
1932 – Fred Duesenberg, German-American businessman, co-founded the Duesenberg Company (b. 1876)
1971 – Diane Arbus, American photographer and academic (b. 1923)
1984 – George Gallup, American mathematician and statistician, founded the Gallup Company (b. 1901)
1986 – W. Averell Harriman, American politician and diplomat, 11th United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1891)
2009 – Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1919)
Sourced from various internet sites.
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