Today in History Friday June 14

1158 – Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.

1216 – First Barons’ War: Prince Louis of France captures the city of Winchester and soon conquers over half of the Kingdom of England.

1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.

1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants’ Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.

1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.

1777 – The Stars and Stripes is adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.

1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: HMS Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.

1789 – Whiskey distilled from maize is first produced by American clergyman the Rev. Elijah Craig. It is named Bourbon because the good Rev. Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.

Charles Babbage’s  Difference Engine

1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled “Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables”.

1830 – Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.

1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory.

1900 – The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.

1907 – Norway grants women the right to vote.

1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John’s, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.

1940 – World War II: Paris falls under German occupation, and Allied forces retreat.

1949 – Albert II, a rhesus monkey, rides a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 134 km (83 mi), thereby becoming the first monkey in space.

1951 – UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.

1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words “under God” into the United States Pledge of Allegiance.

1967 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched towards Venus.

1967 – The People’s Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.

2002 – Near-Earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by 75,000 miles(121,000 km), about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

1444 – Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1544)

1726 – Thomas Pennant, Welsh ornithologist and historian (d. 1798)

1811 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author and activist (d. 1896)

1812 – Fernando Wood, American merchant and politician, 73rd Mayor of New York City (d. 1881)

1840 – William F. Nast, American businessman (d. 1893)

1864 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist and neuropathologist (d. 1915)

1904 – Margaret Bourke-White, photographer and journalist (d. 1971)

1922 – Kevin Roche, Irish-American architect, designed Bank of America Plaza and the Central Park Zoo (d. 2019)

1925 – Pierre Salinger,  journalist and politician, 11th White House Press Secretary (d. 2004)

1946 – Donald Trump

1497 – Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia, Italian son of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1474)

1801 – Benedict Arnold, American general during the American Revolution later turned British spy (b. 1741)

1825 – Pierre Charles L’Enfant, French-American architect and engineer, designed Washington, D.C. (b. 1754)

1926 – Mary Cassatt, American-French painter (b. 1843)