1099 – First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
1628 – The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law. It was passed by the House of Commons in 1628 in response to years of abuse by the King regarding forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, the use of martial law and taxation. It was sent to the House of Lords and after weeks of debate, the Petition was ratified. Charles I bowed to pressure and signed the Petition on June 7th. It is seen to have served as the predecessor to the Third, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh amendments to the Constitution of the United States.
1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.
1863 – During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.
1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the “whites-only” car of a train; he lost the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson.
1893 – Mohandas Gandhi commits his first act of civil disobedience.
1899 – American temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas.
1906 – Cunard Line’s RMS Lusitania is launched from the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland.
1938 – The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight.
1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. 500,000 to 900,000 civilians are killed.
1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy
1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples.
1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq’s Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera.
1982 – Priscilla Presley opens Graceland to the public; the bathroom where Elvis Presley died five years earlier is kept off-limits.
Births
1761 – John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer (d. 1821)
1848 – Paul Gauguin, French painter and sculptor (d. 1903)
1868 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish painter and architect (d. 1928)
1879 – Knud Rasmussen, Danish anthropologist and explorer (d. 1933)
1894 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Georgian-American pilot and engineer, co-designed the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (d. 1974)
1909 – Virginia Apgar, American anesthesiologist and pediatrician, developed the Apgar test (d. 1974)
1909 – Peter W. Rodino, lawyer, and politician (d. 2005)
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photo by Marion Post Wolcott
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1910 – Marion Post Wolcott, American photographer (d. 1990)
1925 – John Biddle, American sailor and cinematographer (d. 2008)
1947 – Thurman Munson, American baseball player (d. 1979)
1952 – Orhan Pamuk, Turkish-American author, screenwriter, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1965 – Damien Hirst, English painter and art collector
Deaths
1329 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (b. 1274)
1358 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese shogun (b. 1305)
1394 – Anne of Bohemia (b. 1367)
1866 – Chief Seattle, American tribal chief (b. 1780)
1937 – Jean Harlow, American actress and singer (b. 1911)
1966 – Jean Arp, German-French sculptor, painter, and poet (b. 1886)
1967 – Dorothy Parker, American author, poet, and critic (b. 1893)
1980 – Philip Guston, Canadian-American painter and educator (b. 1913)
1996 – Max Factor, Jr., American businessman (b. 1904)