1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – “Give me liberty, or give me death!” – at St. John’s Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia.
1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael’s Castle.
1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their “Corps of Discovery” begin their arduous journey home.
1857 – Elisha Otis’s first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
1933 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States’ first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
2001 – The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
Births
1514 – Lorenzino de’ Medici, Italian writer and assassin (d. 1548)
1769 – William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
1823 – Schuyler Colfax, American journalist and politician, 17th Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
1912 – Wernher von Braun, German-American physicist and engineer (d. 1977)
1929 – Roger Bannister, English runner, neurologist and academic (d. 2018)
1952 – Rex Tillerson, American businessman, engineer and diplomat; former United States Secretary of State
1954 – Kenneth Cole, American fashion designer, founded Kenneth Cole Productions
Deaths
851 – Zhou Chi, Chinese historian and politician (b. 793)
1801 – Paul I of Russia (b. 1754)
2001 – Margaret Jones, British archaeologist (b. 1916)