141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
1566 – David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1815 – Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.
1841 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.
1842 – The first documented discovery of gold in California occurs at Rancho San Francisco, six years before the California Gold Rush.
1954 – McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, “A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy”, produced by Fred Friendly.
1956 – Soviet forces suppress mass demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization policy.
1959 – The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.
1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp: Observers in China, Mongolia and eastern Siberia are treated to a rare double feature as an eclipse permits Hale-Bopp to be seen during the day.
Births
1454 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian cartographer and explorer (d. 1512)
1824 – Amasa Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, founded Stanford University (d. 1893)
1833 – Frederick A. Schroeder, German-American businessman and politician, 18th Mayor of Brooklyn (d. 1899)
1918 – Mickey Spillane, American crime novelist (d. 2006)
1934 – Yuri Gagarin, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1968)
1943 – Bobby Fischer, American chess player and author (d. 2008)
Deaths
1888 – William I, German Emperor (b. 1797)
1989 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (b. 1946)
1994 – Charles Bukowski, poet, novelist, and short story writer (b. 1920)
1996 – George Burns, American actor and comedian (b. 1896)