Birthdays
1693 – John Harrison, British clockmaker (died on his 83rd birthday in 1776).
A self-educated clockmaker, John Harrison invented the marine chronometer, solving the centuries-old problem of determining with reasonable certainty the longitude or East/West position of a ship at sea. With that knowledge, the world opened up as long distance travel became possible. Isaac Newton doubted that such a clock could ever be built and favoured other methods for reckoning longitude, such as the method of lunar distances. Newton observed that “a good watch may serve to keep a reckoning at sea for some days and to know the time of a celestial observation; and for this end a good Jewel may suffice till a better sort of watch can be found out. But when longitude at sea is lost, it cannot be found again by any watch”.
John Harrison spent his life working to solve this problem and by the time he perfected his time piece, the mechanism had shrunk from tabletop size (known as H1) to palm size (known as H4). His difficulty was in producing a clock that was not affected by variations in temperature, pressure or humidity, remained accurate over long time intervals, resisted corrosion in salt air, and was able to function on board a constantly-moving ship.
1733 – Joseph Priestley, England, Birstall England, clergyman/scientist (discovered oxygen)
1874 – Harry Houdini, [Erich Weiss], Budapest, magician/escape artist
1886 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)
1909 – Clyde Barrow, bank robber (of Bonnie and Clyde fame)
1919 – Lawrence Ferlinghetti, US, beat poet (Coney Island of the Mind)
1930 – Steve McQueen, actor, race car driver
Deaths
1603 – Elizabeth I Tudor, of England and Ireland (1558-1603), dies at 69
1776 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693)
1905 – Jules Verne, sci-fi author (Around the World in 80 Days), dies at 77