628 – Khosrow II, the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
1336 – Four thousand defenders of Pilėnai commit mass suicide rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights.
1836 – Samuel Colt is granted a United States patent for the Colt revolver.
1866 – Miners in Calaveras County, California, discover what is now called the Calaveras Skull – human remains that supposedly indicated that man, mastodons, and elephants had co-existed.
1870 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress.
1901 – J. P. Morgan incorporates the United States Steel Corporation.
1919 – Oregon places a one cent per U.S. gallon tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax.
1933 – The USS Ranger is launched. It is the first US Navy ship to be designed from the start of construction as an aircraft carrier.
1956 – Cold War: In his speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union denounces the cult of personality of Joseph Stalin.
1964 – North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il-sung calls for the removal of feudalistic land ownership aimed at turning all cooperative farms into state-run ones.
1994 – Mosque of Abraham massacre: In the Cave of the Patriarchs in the West Bank city of Hebron, Baruch Goldstein opens fire with an automatic rifle, killing 29 Palestinian worshippers and injuring 125 more before being subdued and beaten to death by survivors.
Births
1664 – Thomas Newcomen, English pastor and engineer (d. 1729)
1670 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1720)
1841 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter and sculptor (d. 1919)
1873 – Enrico Caruso, Italian-American tenor (d. 1921)
1888 – John Foster Dulles, 52nd United States Secretary of State (d. 1959)
1918 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d. 1995)
1928 – Larry Gelbart, American author and screenwriter (d. 2009)
1929 – Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2007)
1943 – George Harrison, singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2001)
Deaths
1713 – Frederick I of Prussia (b. 1657)
1723 – Christopher Wren, English architect, designed St Paul’s Cathedral (b. 1632)
1920 – Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy, French archaeologist and engineer (b. 1844)
1970 – Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter and academic (b. 1903)
2013 – C. Everett Koop, 13th Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1916)