314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
1829 – Stephenson’s Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.
The Rainhill Trials were an important competition run in October 1829, to test George Stephenson’s argument that locomotives would provide the best motive power for the then nearly-completed Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
1862 – American Civil War: The Confederate invasion of Kentucky is halted at the Battle of Perryville.
1871 – The Great Chicago Fire and the much deadlier Peshtigo Fire break out.
The Peshtigo fire was a very large forest fire that took place on October 8, 1871, in northeastern Wisconsin, including much of the Door Peninsula, and adjacent parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The largest community in the affected area was Peshtigo, Wisconsin.
1895 – Korean Empress Myeongseong is assassinated by Japanese infiltrators.
1939 – World War II: Germany annexes western Poland.
1956 – The New York Yankees’s Don Larsen pitches the only perfect game in a World Series.
1982 – Poland bans Solidarity and all other trade unions.
2001 – President George W. Bush announces the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security.
2016 – In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to nearly 900.
Births
1150 – Narapatisithu, king of Burma (d. 1211)
1789 – William John Swainson, English-New Zealand ornithologist and entomologist (d. 1855)
1890 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1973)
1895 – Zog I of Albania (d. 1961)
1895 – Juan Perón, Argentinian general and politician, 29th President of Argentina (d. 1974)
1949 – Sigourney Weaver, American actress and producer
1970 – Matt Damon, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1970 – Sadiq Khan, English lawyer and politician, Minister of State for Transport, Mayor of London
Deaths
923 – Pilgrim I, archbishop of Salzburg
1436 – Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut (b. 1401)
1754 – Henry Fielding, English novelist and playwright (b. 1707)
1793 – John Hancock, American merchant and politician, first Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1737)
1944 – Wendell Willkie, American captain, lawyer, and politician (b. 1892)
1992 – Willy Brandt, German lawyer and politician, 4th Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
2015 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (b. 1940)