1691 – The charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.
1763 – King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing Indigenous lands in North America north and west of the Alleghenies to white settlements.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
1919 – KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, is founded.
1933 – Air France is inaugurated, after being formed by a merger of five French airlines.
1940 – World War II: The McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
1949 – The communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is formed.
1985 – Four men from the Palestine Liberation Front hijack the MS Achille Laurooff the coast of Egypt.
1988 – A hunter discovers three gray whales trapped under the ice near Alaska; the situation becomes a multinational effort to free the whales.
1996 – Fox News Channel begins broadcasting.
2001 – The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.
2008 – Asteroid 2008 TC3 impacts the Earth over Sudan, the first time an asteroid impact is detected prior to its entry into earth’s atmosphere.
Births
1409 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg (d. 1442)
1471 – Frederick I of Denmark (d. 1533)
1635 – Roger de Piles, French painter (d. 1709)
1879 – Joe Hill, Swedish-born American labor activist and poet (d. 1915)
1885 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
1917 – June Allyson, American actress (d. 2006)
1943 – Oliver North, American colonel Iran – Contra
1952 – Vladimir Putin, Russian colonel and politician, 4th President of Russia
1955 – Yo-Yo Ma, French-American cellist and educator
Deaths
929 – Charles the Simple, French king (b. 879)
1772 – John Woolman, American preacher and abolitionist (b. 1720)
1849 – Edgar Allan Poe, American short story writer, poet, and critic (b. 1809)
1894 – Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., American physician, author, and poet (b. 1809)
1950 – Willis Haviland Carrier, American engineer (b. 1876)
1956 – Clarence Birdseye, American businessman, founded Birds Eye (b. 1886)
1991 – Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (b. 1905)
2009 – Irving Penn, American photographer (b. 1917)