1217 – The Charter of the Forest is sealed at St Paul’s Cathedral, London by King Henry III, acting under the regency of William Marshall, 1st Earl of Pembroke which re-establishes for free men rights of access to the royal forest that had been eroded by William the Conqueror and his heirs.
1856 – Scenes of Clerical Life, the first work of fiction by the author later known as George Eliot, is submitted for publication.
1860 – Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of United States.
1865 – CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on a cruise on which it sank or captured 37 ships.
1917 – New York State adopts a constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote in state elections
1913 – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
1928 – Herbert Hoover is elected the 31st President of the United States.
1935 – Edwin Armstrong presents his paper A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation to the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers.
1956 – Dwight D. Eisenhower is reelected President of the United States.
1962 – The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa’s apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.
1984 – Ronald Reagan is reelected President of the United States.
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This photograph, taken in 1863, is said to have captured the spirit of Lincoln better than any other
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1998 – The Electric Tilt Train enters service in Queensland, Australia and becomes one of the fastest trains in the country and the fastest narrow gauge train in service.
2012 – Barack Obama is reelected President of the United States.
1940 – Ruth Messinger, 24th Borough President of Manhattan. Although she attended The Brearley School, a private school on the Upper East Side, Messinger is remembered as an advocate of public schooling.
2000 – David Brower, American environmentalist, founded the Sierra Club Foundation (b. 1912)
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