1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley’s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue of Abraham Lincoln.
1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
Jackie Kennedy
1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
Births
1635 – Robert Hooke, English physicist and chemist (d. 1703)
1857 – Ballington Booth, an English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (d. 1940). Headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, this non-profit organization provides affordable housing and other assistance services primarily to low-income people throughout the U.S. Service areas include that of Veterans ranging to those suffering intellectual disabilities including autism.
1879 – Lucy Burns, an American activist, co-founded the National Woman’s Party (d. 1966)
1902 – Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
1907 – Earl Tupper, an American inventor, and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (d. 1983)
1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist, 37th First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
1951 – Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect, and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex
Deaths
450 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (b. 401)
1230 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (b. 1176)
1540 – Thomas Cromwell, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1495)
1844 – Joseph Bonaparte, French brother of Napoleon (b. 1768)
1933 – Nishinoumi KajirÅ III, Japanese sumo wrestler, 30th yokozuna (b. 1890). The title meaning “horizontal rope”, which comes from a rope worn around the waist, yokozuna is the highest rank in sumo wrestling.