July 1

70 – Roman General Titus and his forces set up battering rams to assault the walls of Jerusalem
1517 – First burning of Protestants at stake in Netherlands
1517 – Inquisitor Adrian Boeyens (pope Adrianus VI) becomes cardinal
1535 – Sir Thomas More goes on trial in England charged with treason
1656 – First Quakers, Mary Fisher and Ann Austin arrive in Bostonand subsequently imprisoned.
On 11 July 1656 they became the first Quakers to visit the English North American colonies. There they met with fierce hostility from the Puritans, as news of the heretical views of the Quakers had preceded them. On arrival, they were imprisoned. They were forced to undress in public, and their bodies were intimately examined for signs of witchcraft, Ann reporting that one of the female searchers was ‘a man in women’s apparel’.  Their books and pamphlets were seized and burned by the Boston hangman. Fisher and Austin were deported back to Barbados on the Swallow after five weeks’ imprisonment, having been unable to share their faith with anyone except Upsall, who became the first North American Puritan convert to Quakerism. They  returned to England in 1657.
1798 – Napoleon’s fleet reaches Alexandria Egypt
1858 – The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace‘s papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.
1862 – Internal Revenue Law imposes first federal taxes on inheritance, tobacco and incomes over $600 (progressive rate)
1863 – Battle of Gettysburg, Pa; Lee’s northward advance halted
1874 – First US zoo opens in Philadelphia
1929 – US cartoonist Elzie Segar creates “Popeye”
1934 – First x-ray photo of entire body, Rochester, NY
1948 – NYC subway fare goes to 10 cents, bus fare to 7 cents and combo fare at 12 cents
1963 – ZIP Codes are introduced for United States mail.
1967 – Beatles’ “Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band,” goes #1 for 15 weeks
1972 – Ms. magazine begins publishing
1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.
2013 – Demonstrations occur across Egypt with 15 million people calling for the resignation of their President, Mohammed Morsi

1869 – William Strunk Jr., American grammarian (d. 1946)
1872 – Louis Bleriot, First man to fly an airplane across English Channel
1906 – Estée Lauder, New York, NY, CEO

1900 – Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (36) weds countess Sophie Chotek (32) in Reichstadt, Bohemia
1982 –  2000+Unification Church couples marry at Madison Square Garden
1989 – Hugh Hefner weds Kimberly Conrad

1784 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, composer, son of J.S. Bach, dies at 73
1860 – Charles Goodyear, American inventor, dies at 59
1896 – Harriet Beecher Stowe,  author (Uncle Tom’s Cabin), dies at 85
1958 – Dr. Harry Nicholls Holmes,  (crystallized vitamin A), dies at 78
1995 – Wolfman Jack, disc jockey, dies at 57
1983 – R Buckminster Fuller, inventor/philosopher, dies in LA at 87
2004 – Marlon Brando, actor dies at 80