532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams-the Blues and the Greens-in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
1569 – First recorded lottery in England.
1571 – Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
1759 – In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.
1861 – Alabama secedes from the United States.
1922 – First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.
1927 – Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California.
1935 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
1964 – Surgeon General of the United States Dr. Luther Terry, M.D., publishes the landmark report Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States saying that smoking may be hazardous to health, sparking national and worldwide anti-smoking efforts.
Births
1630 – John Rogers, English-American minister, physician, and academic (d. 1684)
1755 – Alexander Hamilton, Nevisian-American general, economist and politician, first United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1804)
1850 – Joseph Charles Arthur, pathologist and mycologist (d. 1942)
1870 – Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor and educator (d. 1945)
1923 – Carroll Shelby, American race car driver, engineer, and businessman, founded Carroll Shelby International (d. 2012)
Deaths
1843 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and songwriter (b. 1779)
1928 – Thomas Hardy, English novelist and poet (b. 1840)
1966 – Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor and painter (b. 1901)
2014 – Ariel Sharon, 11th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1928)
