1449 – Anti-pope Felix V resigns
1507 – Geographer Martin Waldseemuller first used name America
1684 – Patent granted for thimble
1792 – Guillotine first used in France, executes highwayman Nicolas J Pelletier
1850 – Paul Julius Reuter, use 40 pigeons to carry stock market prices
1859 – Ground broken for Suez Canal
1861 – American Civil War: The Union Army arrives to reinforce Washington, D.C.
1867 – Tokyo opens for foreign trade
1875 – Latest date for measurable snow in New York City ~ three inches
1886 – Sigmund Freud opens practice at Rathausstrasse 7, Vienna
1901 – New York becomes first state requiring auto license plates with a $1 fee
1926 – Giacomo Puccini’s opera “Turandot” premieres in Milan
1928 – Buddy, a German Shepherd, becomes first guide dog for a US citizen Morris Frank
1942 – Luftwaffe bombs Bath, England
1954 – Bell labs announces first solar battery
1957 – First experimental sodium nuclear reactor operated
1960 – First submerged circumnavigation of Earth completed (Triton)
1961 – Robert Noyce patents integrated circuit
1961 – Unmanned Mercury test explodes on launch pad
1967 – Jules Feiffer’s “Little Murders” premieres in NYC
1980 – A’s manager Billy Martin restrained by umpires from attacking a fan
1983 – Yuri Andropov invites US schoolgirl Samantha Smith to USSR
1990 – Hubble space telescope is placed into orbit by shuttle Discovery
1993 – Russia elects Boris Yeltsin leader
2007 – Boris Yeltsin’s funeral – the first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894
Birthdays
1599 – Oliver Cromwell, Puritan lord protector of England (1653-58)
1710 – James Ferguson, astronomer
1868 – John Bevins Moisant, pioneer aviator, first to cross English Channel with passenger and a cat, killed in New Orleans whose present day airport was originally name for him. (D. 1910)
1874 – Guglielmo Marconi, Bologna Italy, inventor (radio, Nobel 1909)
1908 – Edward R Murrow, Pole Creek NC, newscaster (Person to Person)
1917 – Ella Fitzgerald, Newport News VA, jazz singer
1923 – Albert King, Indianola, Mississippi, blues singer/guitarist
1930 – Paul Mazursky, Brooklyn, writer/director (Moscow on the Hudson)
1932 – Meadowlark Lemon, basketball star (Harlem Globetrotter)
1940 – Al Pacino, NYC, actor
1949 – Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French economist, lawyer, and politician
Deaths
1744 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (proposed the Celsius temperature scale), dies at 42Anders Celsius was a Swedish mathematician and astronomer. He was the grandson and son of astronomers and lived in a time when scientists were attempting to confirm the shape of the earth among other mysteries of life. The earth was an ellipsoid flattened at the poles as Newton had predicted. Anders Celsius was the first to use plates of colored glass to measure and record the brightness of stars. His lasting achievement was proposing an international temperature scale with 100 degrees for the freezing point of water and 0 for its boiling point. However one year after his death in 1745, Carl Linnaeus reversed the scale for more
practical measurement and it is of course still in use today.
1990 – Dexter Gordon, Jazz saxophonist, dies of kidney failure at 67
1995 – Ginger Rogers, actress/dancer (Top Hat, Stage Door), dies at 83
2006 – Jane Jacobs, American-born Canadian urbanist (b. 1916)
Edited from various sources including historyorb.com, the NYTimes.com Wikipedia and other internet searches