1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
1973 – Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the “Nixon tapes” to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break-in.
He ws a retired U.S. military officer, public servant, and businessman and served as the deputy assistant to President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973
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Watergate began with a burglary in June 1972 and ended with a president’s resignation in August 1974. In between, during the summer of 1973, a special Senate Committee held hearings, co-chaired by Sens. Sam Ervin (D-N.C.) and Howard Baker (R-Tenn.) to investigate the Watergate scandal. Public Television broadcast all 250 hours worth of the hearings, gavel-to-gavel.
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1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.
Births
100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (d. 44 BC)
1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik’s Cube
Deaths
939 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)