47 BC – Julius Caesar visits Tarsus on his way to Pontus, where he meets enthusiastic support, but where, according to Cicero, Cassius is planning to kill him
451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire. The Empire defeats the Armenians militarily but guarantees them freedom to openly practice Christianity.
1293 – An earthquake strikes Kamakura Japan, killing about 30,000.
1328 – William of Ockham, the Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.
1637 – Pequot War: A combined English and Mohegan force under John Mason attacks a village in Connecticut, massacring approximately 700 Pequots in an hour.
1805 – Napoléon Bonaparte assumes the title of King of Italy and is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in Milan Cathedral, the gothic cathedral in Milan.
1830 – The Indian Removal Act is passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Andrew Jackson two days later. It authorized the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. During the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this forced march, which became known as the “Trail of Tears.”
1879 – Russia and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Gandamak establishing an Afghan state.
1897 – Dracula, a novel by the Irish author Bram Stoker, is published.
1897 – The original manuscript of William Bradford’s history, “Of Plymouth Plantation” is returned to the Governor of Massachusetts by the Bishop of London after being taken during the American Revolutionary War.
1923 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans. It has since been run annually in June.
1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 10 returns to Earth after a successful eight-day test of all the components needed for the forthcoming first manned moon landing.
1970 – The Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 becomes the first commercial transport to exceed Mach 2.
1972 – The United States and the Soviet Union sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
1977 – George Willig climbs the South Tower of New York City’s World Trade Center.
1998 – The Supreme Court of the United States rules that Ellis Island, is mainly in the state of New Jersey, not New York.
1998 – The first “National Sorry Day” was held in Australia, and reconciliation events were held nationally, and attended by over a million people.
Births
1264 – Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shogun (d. 1326)
1478 – Pope Clement VII (d. 1534)
1566 – Mehmed III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1603)
1667 – Abraham de Moivre, French-English mathematician and theorist (d. 1754)
1669 – Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist and mycologist (d. 1722)
1886 – Al Jolson, Lithuanian-American singer and actor (d. 1950)
1907 – John Wayne, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 1979)
1926 – Miles Davis, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (d. 1991)
1928 – Jack Kevorkian, American pathologist, author, and activist (d. 2011)
1941 – Jim Dobbin, Scottish microbiologist and politician (d. 2014)
1954 – Alan Hollinghurst, English author and poet
1966 – Zola Budd, South African runner
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Edsel Ford |
Deaths
604 – Augustine of Canterbury, Benedictine monk and archbishop
1421 – Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan (b. 1389)
1799 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish linguist, biologist, and judge (b. 1714)
1943 – Edsel Ford, American businessman (b. 1893)
1955 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (b. 1918)
1999 – Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor and philanthropist (b. 1906)
2008 – Sydney Pollack, actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1934)
2010 – Art Linkletter, radio and television host (b. 1912) |
