1338 – The Battle of Arnemuiden was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years’ War and the first naval battle using gunpowder artillery.
1641 – The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold is lost at sea off Land’s End.
1780 – In the American Revolution, British Major John Andre is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold’s change of sides.
1806 – Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
1846 – Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.
1962 – Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.
2004 – Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.
2018 – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launches Modicare, free heathcare for 500 million, world’s biggest healthcare program
2021 – Fossilized footprints 23,000-21,000 years old from New Mexico indicate settlement by humans of North and South America earlier than previous thought
2021 – Biden administration and EPA introduce regulation against greenhouse gases, reduction of hydrofluorocarbons by 85% in 15 years.
Births
480 BC – Euripides, playwright, born in Salamis, Greece (d. 406 BC)
1215 – Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor (d. 1294)
1889 – Walter Lippmann, journalist, publisher, co-founded The New Republic (d. 1974)
1899 – Louise Nevelson, sculptor (d. 1988)
1926 – John Coltrane, saxophonist and composer (d. 1967)
1930 – Ray Charles, singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 2004)
1949 – Bruce Springsteen, singer-songwriter and guitarist
1985 – Hasan Minhaj, American stand-up comedian
Deaths
1508 – Beatrice of Naples, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1457)
1939 – Sigmund Freud, neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1856)
1987 – Bob Fosse, actor, dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1927)